Scientists Discover Parents Really Do Have a Favorite Child: How to Identify It

Some forms of parental favoritism remain unnoticed by children but can have long-term consequences.

A study led by Alexander Jensen from Brigham Young University confirmed what many have long suspected: parents can indeed favor one "favorite" child. Analyzing data from over 19,400 participants, researchers found that preferences depend on the gender and personal qualities of the children.

The results of the study show that both mothers and fathers are more often inclined towards daughters. Children who demonstrate responsibility and organization in daily life—such as completing chores on time or keeping their rooms clean—also receive more favorable treatment from their parents. Parents tend to praise such children more and criticize them less.

Researchers examined five key aspects of parent-child interactions: overall attitude, positive interactions (such as expressions of love or praise), negative interactions (conflicts or criticism), resource allocation (time spent with each child and material resources), and behavior control (rules and expectations). It turned out that older children receive more autonomy, but this is related to their age and development rather than parental preferences.

Personality traits also play a role in parental attitudes. Children who show conscientiousness—fulfilling responsibilities without reminders and planning their tasks in advance—more often receive positive responses from adult family members and encounter fewer conflicts. A child who demonstrates cooperation and attentiveness to others is also more likely to receive positive feedback from parents.

Notably, while adults acknowledge that daughters receive more favorable treatment, the children themselves rarely realize it. This may indicate that some forms of parental favoritism are so subtle that the child may simply not notice them.

Researchers warn that children who feel less loved may face mental health issues and difficulties in family relationships. "Understanding these nuances can help parents and professionals recognize potentially harmful family patterns," Jensen notes.